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Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, Share 2023
Fill zinc, it is the microelement zinc that compensatory human body needs, filling zinc is in human body growth development, immunity, vitamin to wait to having extremely important effect.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Zinc Deficiency Treatment, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Zinc Deficiency Treatment. This report contains market size and forecasts of Zinc Deficiency Treatment in global, including the following market information:
Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Zinc Deficiency Treatment market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Oral Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Zinc Deficiency Treatment include Pfizer, Metagenics, Sandoz International, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Nu Life Nutrition, Twin Laboratories, Amway, DSM Nutritional Products and Gloria Pharmaceutical, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Zinc Deficiency Treatment companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Oral
Injection
Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Hospital Pharmacies
Retail Pharmacies
Online Pharmacies
Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions)
Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Zinc Deficiency Treatment revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Zinc Deficiency Treatment revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Pfizer
Metagenics
Sandoz International
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
Nu Life Nutrition
Twin Laboratories
Amway
DSM Nutritional Products
Gloria Pharmaceutical
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Zinc Deficiency Treatment, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Zinc Deficiency Treatment company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Zinc Deficiency Treatment in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
| Report Attributes |
Report Details |
| Report Title |
Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2030 |
| Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
| Base Year |
2022 |
| Forecast Year |
2030 |
| Number of Pages |
63 Pages |
| Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Zinc Deficiency Treatment Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Zinc Deficiency Treatment Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Zinc Deficiency Treatment Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Zinc Deficiency Treatment Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Zinc Deficiency Treatment Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Oral
4.1.3 Injection
4.2 By Type - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Hospital Pharmacies
5.1.3 Retail Pharmacies
5.1.4 Online Pharmacies
5.2 By Application - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2018-2030
6.3.2 US Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.3 Canada Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 Germany Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.3 France Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Italy Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.6 Russia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 China Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Japan Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 India Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Israel Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.5 UAE Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Zinc Deficiency Treatment Companies Profiles
7.1 Pfizer
7.1.1 Pfizer Company Summary
7.1.2 Pfizer Business Overview
7.1.3 Pfizer Zinc Deficiency Treatment Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Pfizer Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Pfizer Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Metagenics
7.2.1 Metagenics Company Summary
7.2.2 Metagenics Business Overview
7.2.3 Metagenics Zinc Deficiency Treatment Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Metagenics Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Metagenics Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Sandoz International
7.3.1 Sandoz International Company Summary
7.3.2 Sandoz International Business Overview
7.3.3 Sandoz International Zinc Deficiency Treatment Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Sandoz International Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Sandoz International Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
7.4.1 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Company Summary
7.4.2 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Business Overview
7.4.3 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Zinc Deficiency Treatment Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Nu Life Nutrition
7.5.1 Nu Life Nutrition Company Summary
7.5.2 Nu Life Nutrition Business Overview
7.5.3 Nu Life Nutrition Zinc Deficiency Treatment Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Nu Life Nutrition Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Nu Life Nutrition Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Twin Laboratories
7.6.1 Twin Laboratories Company Summary
7.6.2 Twin Laboratories Business Overview
7.6.3 Twin Laboratories Zinc Deficiency Treatment Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Twin Laboratories Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Twin Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Amway
7.7.1 Amway Company Summary
7.7.2 Amway Business Overview
7.7.3 Amway Zinc Deficiency Treatment Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Amway Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Amway Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 DSM Nutritional Products
7.8.1 DSM Nutritional Products Company Summary
7.8.2 DSM Nutritional Products Business Overview
7.8.3 DSM Nutritional Products Zinc Deficiency Treatment Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 DSM Nutritional Products Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 DSM Nutritional Products Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Gloria Pharmaceutical
7.9.1 Gloria Pharmaceutical Company Summary
7.9.2 Gloria Pharmaceutical Business Overview
7.9.3 Gloria Pharmaceutical Zinc Deficiency Treatment Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Gloria Pharmaceutical Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Gloria Pharmaceutical Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Zinc Deficiency Treatment in Global Market
Table 5. Top Zinc Deficiency Treatment Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Zinc Deficiency Treatment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Zinc Deficiency Treatment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 30. Pfizer Company Summary
Table 31. Pfizer Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Offerings
Table 32. Pfizer Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Pfizer Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Metagenics Company Summary
Table 35. Metagenics Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Offerings
Table 36. Metagenics Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Metagenics Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Sandoz International Company Summary
Table 39. Sandoz International Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Offerings
Table 40. Sandoz International Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Sandoz International Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Company Summary
Table 43. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Offerings
Table 44. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Nu Life Nutrition Company Summary
Table 47. Nu Life Nutrition Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Offerings
Table 48. Nu Life Nutrition Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Nu Life Nutrition Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Twin Laboratories Company Summary
Table 51. Twin Laboratories Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Offerings
Table 52. Twin Laboratories Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Twin Laboratories Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Amway Company Summary
Table 55. Amway Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Offerings
Table 56. Amway Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Amway Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. DSM Nutritional Products Company Summary
Table 59. DSM Nutritional Products Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Offerings
Table 60. DSM Nutritional Products Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. DSM Nutritional Products Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Gloria Pharmaceutical Company Summary
Table 63. Gloria Pharmaceutical Zinc Deficiency Treatment Product Offerings
Table 64. Gloria Pharmaceutical Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Gloria Pharmaceutical Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Zinc Deficiency Treatment Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Zinc Deficiency Treatment Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. US Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 17. Canada Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. Germany Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. France Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 23. Italy Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Russia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. China Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Japan Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. India Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Israel Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. UAE Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. Pfizer Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Metagenics Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Sandoz International Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Nu Life Nutrition Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Twin Laboratories Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Amway Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. DSM Nutritional Products Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Gloria Pharmaceutical Zinc Deficiency Treatment Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
