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Tactical Communications Market Size, Share 2024
| Market size in 2023 |
US$ 14800 million
|
Forecast Market size by 2030 |
US$ 39340 million
|
| Growth Rate |
CAGR of 14.8% |
Number of Pages |
103 Pages |
This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Tactical Communications market, focusing on the current trends, market dynamics, and future prospects. The report explores the global Tactical Communications market, including major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets. It also examines key factors driving the growth of Tactical Communications, challenges faced by the industry, and potential opportunities for market players.
The global Tactical Communications market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, driven by increasing environmental concerns, government incentives, and advancements in technology. The Tactical Communications market presents opportunities for various stakeholders, including ISR, Communications. Collaboration between the private sector and governments can accelerate the development of supportive policies, research and development efforts, and investment in Tactical Communications market. Additionally, the growing consumer demand present avenues for market expansion.
The global Tactical Communications market was valued at US$ 14800 million in 2023 and is projected to reach US$ 39340 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 14.8% during the forecast period.
Key Features:
The research report on the Tactical Communications market includes several key features to provide comprehensive insights and facilitate decision-making for stakeholders.
Executive Summary: The report provides overview of the key findings, market trends, and major insights of the Tactical Communications market.
Market Overview: The report provides a comprehensive overview of the Tactical Communications market, including its definition, historical development, and current market size. It covers market segmentation by Type (e.g., Soldier Radio, Manpack Radio), region, and application, highlighting the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities within each segment.
Market Dynamics: The report analyses the market dynamics driving the growth and development of the Tactical Communications market. The report includes an assessment of government policies and regulations, technological advancements, consumer trends and preferences, infrastructure development, and industry collaborations. This analysis helps stakeholders understand the factors influencing the Tactical Communications market's trajectory.
Competitive Landscape: The report provides an in-depth analysis of the competitive landscape within the Tactical Communications market. It includes profiles of major market players, their market share, strategies, product portfolios, and recent developments.
Market Segmentation and Forecast: The report segment the Tactical Communications market based on various parameters, such as by Type, region, and by Application. It provides market size and growth forecasts for each segment, supported by quantitative data and analysis. This helps stakeholders identify growth opportunities and make informed investment decisions.
Technological Trends: The report should highlight the key technological trends shaping the Tactical Communications market, such as advancements in Type One technology and emerging substitutes. It analyses the impact of these trends on market growth, adoption rates, and consumer preferences.
Market Challenges and Opportunities: The report identify and analyses the major challenges faced by the Tactical Communications market, such as technical bottleneck, cost limitations, and high entry barrier. It also highlights the opportunities for market growth, such as government incentives, emerging markets, and collaborations between stakeholders.
Regulatory and Policy Analysis: The report should assess the regulatory and policy landscape for Tactical Communications, including government incentives, emission standards, and infrastructure development plans. It should analyse the impact of these policies on market growth and provide insights into future regulatory developments.
Recommendations and Conclusion: The report conclude with actionable recommendations for stakeholders, such as Application One Consumer, policymakers, investors, and infrastructure providers. These recommendations should be based on the research findings and address key challenges and opportunities within the Tactical Communications market.
Supporting Data and Appendices: The report include supporting data, charts, and graphs to substantiate the analysis and findings. It also includes appendices with additional detailed information, such as data sources, survey questionnaires, and detailed market forecasts.
Market Segmentation
Tactical Communications market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2019-2030, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of value.
Market segment by Type
Soldier Radio
Manpack Radio
VIC (Vehicular Intercommunication Radio)
High Capacity Data Radio (HCDR)
Situational awareness video receiver
Rugged networking devices
Market segment by Application
ISR
Communications
Combat
Command & Control
Global Tactical Communications Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2023 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Major players covered
Northrop Grumman
Thales
General Dynamics
Raytheon
Harris
L-3 Technologies
BAE Systems
Ultra Electronics
Iridium Communications
Viasat
Tactical Communications
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Tactical Communications, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Tactical Communications market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Tactical Communications company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Tactical Communications in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
| Report Attributes |
Report Details |
| Report Title |
Tactical Communications Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2024-2030 |
| Market size in 2023 |
US$ 14800 million
|
| Forecast Market size by 2030 |
US$ 39340 million
|
| Growth Rate |
CAGR of 14.8% |
| Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
| Base Year |
2023 |
| Forecast Year |
2031 |
| Number of Pages |
103 Pages |
| Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Tactical Communications Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Tactical Communications Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Tactical Communications Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Tactical Communications Market Size: 2023 VS 2030
2.2 Global Tactical Communications Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2019-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Tactical Communications Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Tactical Communications Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Tactical Communications Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Tactical Communications Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2023
3.5 Global Companies Tactical Communications Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Tactical Communications Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Tactical Communications Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Tactical Communications Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Tactical Communications Market Size Markets, 2023 & 2030
4.1.2 Soldier Radio
4.1.3 Manpack Radio
4.1.4 VIC (Vehicular Intercommunication Radio)
4.1.5 High Capacity Data Radio (HCDR)
4.1.6 Situational awareness video receiver
4.1.7 Rugged networking devices
4.2 By Type - Global Tactical Communications Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Tactical Communications Revenue, 2019-2024
4.2.2 By Type - Global Tactical Communications Revenue, 2025-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Tactical Communications Market Size, 2023 & 2030
5.1.2 ISR
5.1.3 Communications
5.1.4 Combat
5.1.5 Command & Control
5.2 By Application - Global Tactical Communications Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Tactical Communications Revenue, 2019-2024
5.2.2 By Application - Global Tactical Communications Revenue, 2025-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Tactical Communications Market Size, 2023 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Tactical Communications Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Tactical Communications Revenue, 2019-2024
6.2.2 By Region - Global Tactical Communications Revenue, 2025-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Tactical Communications Revenue, 2019-2030
6.3.2 US Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.3 Canada Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Tactical Communications Revenue, 2019-2030
6.4.2 Germany Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.3 France Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.5 Italy Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.6 Russia Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Tactical Communications Revenue, 2019-2030
6.5.2 China Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.3 Japan Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.6 India Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Tactical Communications Revenue, 2019-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactical Communications Revenue, 2019-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.3 Israel Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.5 UAE Tactical Communications Market Size, 2019-2030
7 Tactical Communications Companies Profiles
7.1 Northrop Grumman
7.1.1 Northrop Grumman Company Summary
7.1.2 Northrop Grumman Business Overview
7.1.3 Northrop Grumman Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Northrop Grumman Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.1.5 Northrop Grumman Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Thales
7.2.1 Thales Company Summary
7.2.2 Thales Business Overview
7.2.3 Thales Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Thales Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.2.5 Thales Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 General Dynamics
7.3.1 General Dynamics Company Summary
7.3.2 General Dynamics Business Overview
7.3.3 General Dynamics Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 General Dynamics Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.3.5 General Dynamics Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Raytheon
7.4.1 Raytheon Company Summary
7.4.2 Raytheon Business Overview
7.4.3 Raytheon Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Raytheon Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.4.5 Raytheon Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Harris
7.5.1 Harris Company Summary
7.5.2 Harris Business Overview
7.5.3 Harris Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Harris Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.5.5 Harris Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 L-3 Technologies
7.6.1 L-3 Technologies Company Summary
7.6.2 L-3 Technologies Business Overview
7.6.3 L-3 Technologies Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 L-3 Technologies Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.6.5 L-3 Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 BAE Systems
7.7.1 BAE Systems Company Summary
7.7.2 BAE Systems Business Overview
7.7.3 BAE Systems Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 BAE Systems Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.7.5 BAE Systems Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Ultra Electronics
7.8.1 Ultra Electronics Company Summary
7.8.2 Ultra Electronics Business Overview
7.8.3 Ultra Electronics Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Ultra Electronics Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.8.5 Ultra Electronics Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Iridium Communications
7.9.1 Iridium Communications Company Summary
7.9.2 Iridium Communications Business Overview
7.9.3 Iridium Communications Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Iridium Communications Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.9.5 Iridium Communications Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Viasat
7.10.1 Viasat Company Summary
7.10.2 Viasat Business Overview
7.10.3 Viasat Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Viasat Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.10.5 Viasat Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Tactical Communications
7.11.1 Tactical Communications Company Summary
7.11.2 Tactical Communications Business Overview
7.11.3 Tactical Communications Tactical Communications Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Tactical Communications Tactical Communications Revenue in Global Market (2019-2024)
7.11.5 Tactical Communications Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Tactical Communications Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Tactical Communications Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Tactical Communications Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Tactical Communications in Global Market
Table 5. Top Tactical Communications Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2023)
Table 6. Global Tactical Communications Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 7. Global Tactical Communications Revenue Share by Companies, 2019-2024
Table 8. Global Companies Tactical Communications Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Tactical Communications Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Tactical Communications Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2023 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Tactical Communications Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 13. By Type - Tactical Communications Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Tactical Communications Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 16. By Application - Tactical Communications Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 19. By Region - Global Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 21. By Country - North America Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 23. By Country - Europe Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 25. By Region - Asia Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 27. By Country - South America Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2024
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2030
Table 30. Northrop Grumman Company Summary
Table 31. Northrop Grumman Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 32. Northrop Grumman Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 33. Northrop Grumman Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Thales Company Summary
Table 35. Thales Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 36. Thales Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 37. Thales Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. General Dynamics Company Summary
Table 39. General Dynamics Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 40. General Dynamics Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 41. General Dynamics Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Raytheon Company Summary
Table 43. Raytheon Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 44. Raytheon Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 45. Raytheon Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Harris Company Summary
Table 47. Harris Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 48. Harris Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 49. Harris Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. L-3 Technologies Company Summary
Table 51. L-3 Technologies Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 52. L-3 Technologies Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 53. L-3 Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. BAE Systems Company Summary
Table 55. BAE Systems Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 56. BAE Systems Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 57. BAE Systems Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Ultra Electronics Company Summary
Table 59. Ultra Electronics Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 60. Ultra Electronics Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 61. Ultra Electronics Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Iridium Communications Company Summary
Table 63. Iridium Communications Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 64. Iridium Communications Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 65. Iridium Communications Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Viasat Company Summary
Table 67. Viasat Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 68. Viasat Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 69. Viasat Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Tactical Communications Company Summary
Table 71. Tactical Communications Tactical Communications Product Offerings
Table 72. Tactical Communications Tactical Communications Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Table 73. Tactical Communications Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Tactical Communications Segment by Type in 2023
Figure 2. Tactical Communications Segment by Application in 2023
Figure 3. Global Tactical Communications Market Overview: 2023
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Tactical Communications Market Size: 2023 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Tactical Communications Revenue, 2019-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Tactical Communications Revenue in 2023
Figure 8. By Type - Global Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 16. US Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 17. Canada Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 20. Germany Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 21. France Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 23. Italy Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 24. Russia Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 28. China Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 29. Japan Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 32. India Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Tactical Communications Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 38. Israel Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 40. UAE Tactical Communications Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2019-2030
Figure 41. Northrop Grumman Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 42. Thales Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 43. General Dynamics Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 44. Raytheon Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 45. Harris Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 46. L-3 Technologies Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 47. BAE Systems Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 48. Ultra Electronics Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 49. Iridium Communications Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 50. Viasat Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
Figure 51. Tactical Communications Tactical Communications Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2019-2024)
