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Rectal Catheters Market Size, Share 2023
The global Rectal Catheters market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The rectal catheter is a medical catheter used when uncontrolled bowel movement causes fecal incontinence.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Rectal Catheters, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Rectal Catheters. This report contains market size and forecasts of Rectal Catheters in global, including the following market information:
- Global Rectal Catheters Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, ($ millions)
- Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Simple Rectal Catheter Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Rectal Catheters include GAMA Group, Medtronic, ConvaTec, Argon Medical Devices, Hollister, B. Braun, Bard, Laborie and EB Neuro, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Rectal Catheters companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Rectal Catheters Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Rectal Catheters Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
- Simple Rectal Catheter
- Compound Rectal Catheter
Global Rectal Catheters Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Rectal Catheters Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Global Rectal Catheters Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions)
Global Rectal Catheters Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- U.K.
- Italy
- Russia
- Nordic Countries
- Benelux
- Rest of Europe
- Asia
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- Southeast Asia
- India
- Rest of Asia
- South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Rest of South America
- Middle East & Africa
- Turkey
- Israel
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
- Key companies Rectal Catheters revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
- Key companies Rectal Catheters revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Key players include:
- GAMA Group
- Medtronic
- ConvaTec
- Argon Medical Devices
- Hollister
- B. Braun
- Bard
- Laborie
- EB Neuro
- Sterimed Group
- P3 Medical
- Integra Lifesciences
- Pennine Healthcare
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Rectal Catheters, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Rectal Catheters market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Rectal Catheters company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Rectal Catheters in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Report Attributes |
Report Details |
Report Title |
Rectal Catheters Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2030 |
Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
Base Year |
2022 |
Forecast Year |
2030 |
Number of Pages |
60 Pages |
Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Rectal Catheters Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Rectal Catheters Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Rectal Catheters Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Rectal Catheters Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Rectal Catheters Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Rectal Catheters Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Rectal Catheters Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Rectal Catheters Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Rectal Catheters Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Rectal Catheters Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Rectal Catheters Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Rectal Catheters Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Rectal Catheters Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Rectal Catheters Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Simple Rectal Catheter
4.1.3 Compound Rectal Catheter
4.2 By Type - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Hosiptal
5.1.3 Clinic
5.1.4 Homecare
5.2 By Application - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2018-2030
6.3.2 US Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.3 Canada Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 Germany Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.3 France Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Italy Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.6 Russia Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 China Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Japan Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 India Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Israel Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.5 UAE Rectal Catheters Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Rectal Catheters Companies Profiles
7.1 GAMA Group
7.1.1 GAMA Group Company Summary
7.1.2 GAMA Group Business Overview
7.1.3 GAMA Group Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 GAMA Group Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 GAMA Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Medtronic
7.2.1 Medtronic Company Summary
7.2.2 Medtronic Business Overview
7.2.3 Medtronic Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Medtronic Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Medtronic Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 ConvaTec
7.3.1 ConvaTec Company Summary
7.3.2 ConvaTec Business Overview
7.3.3 ConvaTec Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 ConvaTec Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 ConvaTec Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Argon Medical Devices
7.4.1 Argon Medical Devices Company Summary
7.4.2 Argon Medical Devices Business Overview
7.4.3 Argon Medical Devices Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Argon Medical Devices Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Argon Medical Devices Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Hollister
7.5.1 Hollister Company Summary
7.5.2 Hollister Business Overview
7.5.3 Hollister Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Hollister Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Hollister Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 B. Braun
7.6.1 B. Braun Company Summary
7.6.2 B. Braun Business Overview
7.6.3 B. Braun Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 B. Braun Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 B. Braun Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Bard
7.7.1 Bard Company Summary
7.7.2 Bard Business Overview
7.7.3 Bard Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Bard Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Bard Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Laborie
7.8.1 Laborie Company Summary
7.8.2 Laborie Business Overview
7.8.3 Laborie Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Laborie Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Laborie Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 EB Neuro
7.9.1 EB Neuro Company Summary
7.9.2 EB Neuro Business Overview
7.9.3 EB Neuro Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 EB Neuro Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 EB Neuro Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Sterimed Group
7.10.1 Sterimed Group Company Summary
7.10.2 Sterimed Group Business Overview
7.10.3 Sterimed Group Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Sterimed Group Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Sterimed Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 P3 Medical
7.11.1 P3 Medical Company Summary
7.11.2 P3 Medical Business Overview
7.11.3 P3 Medical Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 P3 Medical Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 P3 Medical Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Integra Lifesciences
7.12.1 Integra Lifesciences Company Summary
7.12.2 Integra Lifesciences Business Overview
7.12.3 Integra Lifesciences Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Integra Lifesciences Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Integra Lifesciences Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Pennine Healthcare
7.13.1 Pennine Healthcare Company Summary
7.13.2 Pennine Healthcare Business Overview
7.13.3 Pennine Healthcare Rectal Catheters Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Pennine Healthcare Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Pennine Healthcare Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Rectal Catheters Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Rectal Catheters Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Rectal Catheters Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Rectal Catheters in Global Market
Table 5. Top Rectal Catheters Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Rectal Catheters Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Rectal Catheters Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Rectal Catheters Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Rectal Catheters Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Rectal Catheters Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Rectal Catheters Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 30. GAMA Group Company Summary
Table 31. GAMA Group Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 32. GAMA Group Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. GAMA Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Medtronic Company Summary
Table 35. Medtronic Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 36. Medtronic Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Medtronic Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. ConvaTec Company Summary
Table 39. ConvaTec Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 40. ConvaTec Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. ConvaTec Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Argon Medical Devices Company Summary
Table 43. Argon Medical Devices Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 44. Argon Medical Devices Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Argon Medical Devices Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Hollister Company Summary
Table 47. Hollister Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 48. Hollister Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Hollister Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. B. Braun Company Summary
Table 51. B. Braun Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 52. B. Braun Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. B. Braun Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Bard Company Summary
Table 55. Bard Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 56. Bard Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Bard Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Laborie Company Summary
Table 59. Laborie Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 60. Laborie Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Laborie Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. EB Neuro Company Summary
Table 63. EB Neuro Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 64. EB Neuro Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. EB Neuro Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Sterimed Group Company Summary
Table 67. Sterimed Group Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 68. Sterimed Group Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Sterimed Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. P3 Medical Company Summary
Table 71. P3 Medical Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 72. P3 Medical Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. P3 Medical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Integra Lifesciences Company Summary
Table 75. Integra Lifesciences Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 76. Integra Lifesciences Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Integra Lifesciences Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Pennine Healthcare Company Summary
Table 79. Pennine Healthcare Rectal Catheters Product Offerings
Table 80. Pennine Healthcare Rectal Catheters Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Pennine Healthcare Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Rectal Catheters Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Rectal Catheters Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Rectal Catheters Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Rectal Catheters Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Rectal Catheters Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. US Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 17. Canada Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. Germany Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. France Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 23. Italy Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Russia Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. China Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Japan Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. India Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Rectal Catheters Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Israel Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. UAE Rectal Catheters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. GAMA Group Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Medtronic Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. ConvaTec Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Argon Medical Devices Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Hollister Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. B. Braun Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Bard Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Laborie Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. EB Neuro Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Sterimed Group Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. P3 Medical Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Integra Lifesciences Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Pennine Healthcare Rectal Catheters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)