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Private Health Management Services Market Size, Share 2023
The global Private Health Management Services market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Private Health Management Services, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Private Health Management Services. This report contains market size and forecasts of Private Health Management Services in global, including the following market information:
- Global Private Health Management Services Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2032, ($ millions)
- Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Online Healthcare Service Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Private Health Management Services include Exeter, Freedom, General & Medical, HCA UK, Saga, Vitality, WA Health, WPA and Allianz, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Private Health Management Services companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Private Health Management Services Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Private Health Management Services Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
- Online Healthcare Service
- Offline Healthcare Service
Global Private Health Management Services Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Private Health Management Services Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
- Hospital
- Health Clinic
- Nursing Home
- Others
Global Private Health Management Services Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ Millions)
Global Private Health Management Services Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
- North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)
- Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe)
- Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Rest of APAC)
- The Middle East and Africa (Middle East, Africa)
- South and Central America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SCA)
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
- Key companies Private Health Management Services revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
- Key companies Private Health Management Services revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
- Exeter
- Freedom
- General & Medical
- HCA UK
- Saga
- Vitality
- WA Health
- WPA
- Allianz
- Aviva
- AXA
- Benenden Health
- Bupa
- Capita Healthcare Decisions
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Private Health Management Services, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Private Health Management Services market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Private Health Management Services company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Private Health Management Services in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Report Attributes |
Report Details |
Report Title |
Private Health Management Services Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2032 |
Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
Base Year |
2022 |
Forecast Year |
2030 |
Number of Pages |
63 Pages |
Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Private Health Management Services Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Private Health Management Services Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Private Health Management Services Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Private Health Management Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Private Health Management Services Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Private Health Management Services Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Private Health Management Services Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Private Health Management Services Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Private Health Management Services Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Private Health Management Services Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Private Health Management Services Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Private Health Management Services Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Private Health Management Services Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Private Health Management Services Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Online Healthcare Service
4.1.3 Offline Healthcare Service
4.2 By Type - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Hospital
5.1.3 Health Clinic
5.1.4 Nursing Home
5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.3.2 US Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.3 Canada Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.4 Mexico Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 Germany Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.3 France Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 U.K. Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Italy Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.6 Russia Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.8 Benelux Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 China Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Japan Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 South Korea Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 India Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 Brazil Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.3 Argentina Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 Turkey Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Israel Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.5 UAE Private Health Management Services Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Private Health Management Services Companies Profiles
7.1 Exeter
7.1.1 Exeter Company Summary
7.1.2 Exeter Business Overview
7.1.3 Exeter Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Exeter Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Exeter Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Freedom
7.2.1 Freedom Company Summary
7.2.2 Freedom Business Overview
7.2.3 Freedom Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Freedom Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Freedom Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 General & Medical
7.3.1 General & Medical Company Summary
7.3.2 General & Medical Business Overview
7.3.3 General & Medical Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 General & Medical Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 General & Medical Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 HCA UK
7.4.1 HCA UK Company Summary
7.4.2 HCA UK Business Overview
7.4.3 HCA UK Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 HCA UK Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 HCA UK Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Saga
7.5.1 Saga Company Summary
7.5.2 Saga Business Overview
7.5.3 Saga Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Saga Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Saga Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Vitality
7.6.1 Vitality Company Summary
7.6.2 Vitality Business Overview
7.6.3 Vitality Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Vitality Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Vitality Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 WA Health
7.7.1 WA Health Company Summary
7.7.2 WA Health Business Overview
7.7.3 WA Health Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 WA Health Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 WA Health Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 WPA
7.8.1 WPA Company Summary
7.8.2 WPA Business Overview
7.8.3 WPA Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 WPA Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 WPA Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Allianz
7.9.1 Allianz Company Summary
7.9.2 Allianz Business Overview
7.9.3 Allianz Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Allianz Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Allianz Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Aviva
7.10.1 Aviva Company Summary
7.10.2 Aviva Business Overview
7.10.3 Aviva Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Aviva Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Aviva Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 AXA
7.11.1 AXA Company Summary
7.11.2 AXA Business Overview
7.11.3 AXA Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 AXA Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 AXA Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Benenden Health
7.12.1 Benenden Health Company Summary
7.12.2 Benenden Health Business Overview
7.12.3 Benenden Health Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Benenden Health Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Benenden Health Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Bupa
7.13.1 Bupa Company Summary
7.13.2 Bupa Business Overview
7.13.3 Bupa Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Bupa Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Bupa Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Capita Healthcare Decisions
7.14.1 Capita Healthcare Decisions Company Summary
7.14.2 Capita Healthcare Decisions Business Overview
7.14.3 Capita Healthcare Decisions Private Health Management Services Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Capita Healthcare Decisions Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 Capita Healthcare Decisions Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Private Health Management Services Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Private Health Management Services Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Private Health Management Services Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Private Health Management Services in Global Market
Table 5. Top Private Health Management Services Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Private Health Management Services Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Private Health Management Services Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Private Health Management Services Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Private Health Management Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Private Health Management Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Application ? Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 15. By Application - Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Private Health Management Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 17. By Region ? Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 18. By Region - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 20. By Country - North America Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 22. By Country - Europe Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Asia Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - South America Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 30. Exeter Company Summary
Table 31. Exeter Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 32. Exeter Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Exeter Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Freedom Company Summary
Table 35. Freedom Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 36. Freedom Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Freedom Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. General & Medical Company Summary
Table 39. General & Medical Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 40. General & Medical Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. General & Medical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. HCA UK Company Summary
Table 43. HCA UK Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 44. HCA UK Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. HCA UK Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Saga Company Summary
Table 47. Saga Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 48. Saga Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Saga Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Vitality Company Summary
Table 51. Vitality Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 52. Vitality Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Vitality Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. WA Health Company Summary
Table 55. WA Health Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 56. WA Health Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. WA Health Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. WPA Company Summary
Table 59. WPA Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 60. WPA Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. WPA Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Allianz Company Summary
Table 63. Allianz Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 64. Allianz Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Allianz Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Aviva Company Summary
Table 67. Aviva Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 68. Aviva Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Aviva Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. AXA Company Summary
Table 71. AXA Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 72. AXA Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. AXA Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Benenden Health Company Summary
Table 75. Benenden Health Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 76. Benenden Health Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Benenden Health Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Bupa Company Summary
Table 79. Bupa Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 80. Bupa Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Bupa Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Capita Healthcare Decisions Company Summary
Table 83. Capita Healthcare Decisions Private Health Management Services Product Offerings
Table 84. Capita Healthcare Decisions Private Health Management Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. Capita Healthcare Decisions Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Private Health Management Services Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Private Health Management Services Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Private Health Management Services Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Private Health Management Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Private Health Management Services Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 9. By Application - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Application - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 14. By Region - Global Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Country - North America Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. US Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 17. Canada Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 18. Mexico Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. Germany Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 21. France Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 22. U.K. Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 23. Italy Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Russia Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. Benelux Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. China Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. Japan Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. South Korea Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. India Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. By Country - South America Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 34. Brazil Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. Argentina Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Private Health Management Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. Turkey Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Israel Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. UAE Private Health Management Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. Exeter Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Freedom Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. General & Medical Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. HCA UK Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Saga Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Vitality Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. WA Health Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. WPA Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Allianz Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Aviva Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. AXA Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Benenden Health Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Bupa Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Capita Healthcare Decisions Private Health Management Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)