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Mobile ValueAdded Services Market Size, Share 2023
| Market size in 2022 |
US$ 637360 million
|
Forecast Market size by 2029 |
US$ 1334940 million
|
| Growth Rate |
CAGR of 11.1% |
Number of Pages |
69 Pages |
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Mobile Value-Added Services, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Mobile Value-Added Services. This report contains market size and forecasts of Mobile Value-Added Services in global, including the following market information:
Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Mobile Value-Added Services market was valued at US$ 637360 million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ 1334940 million by 2029, at a CAGR of 11.1% during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
SMS Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Mobile Value-Added Services include America Movil, AT&T, Sangoma Technologies, BlackBerry, CanvasM Technology, InMobi, One97 Communications, OnMobile Global Ltd and Astute Systems, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Mobile Value-Added Services companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
SMS
MMS
Mobile Money
Mobile Infotainment
Others
Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Personal Use
Commercial Use
Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions)
Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Mobile Value-Added Services revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Mobile Value-Added Services revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
America Movil
AT&T
Sangoma Technologies
BlackBerry
CanvasM Technology
InMobi
One97 Communications
OnMobile Global Ltd
Astute Systems
Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Mobile Value-Added Services, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Mobile Value-Added Services market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Mobile Value-Added Services company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Mobile Value-Added Services in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
| Report Attributes |
Report Details |
| Report Title |
Mobile Value-Added Services Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2035 |
| Market size in 2022 |
US$ 637360 million
|
| Forecast Market size by 2029 |
US$ 1334940 million
|
| Growth Rate |
CAGR of 11.1% |
| Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
| Base Year |
2022 |
| Forecast Year |
2030 |
| Number of Pages |
69 Pages |
| Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Mobile Value-Added Services Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Mobile Value-Added Services Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2035
2.2 Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2035
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Mobile Value-Added Services Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Mobile Value-Added Services Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Mobile Value-Added Services Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Mobile Value-Added Services Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mobile Value-Added Services Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Mobile Value-Added Services Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mobile Value-Added Services Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2035
4.1.2 SMS
4.1.3 MMS
4.1.4 Mobile Money
4.1.5 Mobile Infotainment
4.1.6 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2024-2035
4.2.3 By Type - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2022 & 2035
5.1.2 Personal Use
5.1.3 Commercial Use
5.2 By Application - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2024-2035
5.2.3 By Application - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2022 & 2035
6.2 By Region - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2024-2035
6.2.3 By Region - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2018-2035
6.3.2 US Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.3.3 Canada Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.3.4 Mexico Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2018-2035
6.4.2 Germany Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.3 France Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.4 U.K. Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.5 Italy Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.6 Russia Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.8 Benelux Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2018-2035
6.5.2 China Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.3 Japan Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.4 South Korea Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.6 India Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2018-2035
6.6.2 Brazil Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.6.3 Argentina Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2018-2035
6.7.2 Turkey Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7.3 Israel Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7.5 UAE Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size, 2018-2035
7 Mobile Value-Added Services Companies Profiles
7.1 America Movil
7.1.1 America Movil Company Summary
7.1.2 America Movil Business Overview
7.1.3 America Movil Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 America Movil Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 America Movil Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 AT&T
7.2.1 AT&T Company Summary
7.2.2 AT&T Business Overview
7.2.3 AT&T Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 AT&T Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 AT&T Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Sangoma Technologies
7.3.1 Sangoma Technologies Company Summary
7.3.2 Sangoma Technologies Business Overview
7.3.3 Sangoma Technologies Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Sangoma Technologies Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Sangoma Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 BlackBerry
7.4.1 BlackBerry Company Summary
7.4.2 BlackBerry Business Overview
7.4.3 BlackBerry Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 BlackBerry Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 BlackBerry Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 CanvasM Technology
7.5.1 CanvasM Technology Company Summary
7.5.2 CanvasM Technology Business Overview
7.5.3 CanvasM Technology Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 CanvasM Technology Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 CanvasM Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 InMobi
7.6.1 InMobi Company Summary
7.6.2 InMobi Business Overview
7.6.3 InMobi Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 InMobi Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 InMobi Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 One97 Communications
7.7.1 One97 Communications Company Summary
7.7.2 One97 Communications Business Overview
7.7.3 One97 Communications Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 One97 Communications Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 One97 Communications Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 OnMobile Global Ltd
7.8.1 OnMobile Global Ltd Company Summary
7.8.2 OnMobile Global Ltd Business Overview
7.8.3 OnMobile Global Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 OnMobile Global Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 OnMobile Global Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Astute Systems
7.9.1 Astute Systems Company Summary
7.9.2 Astute Systems Business Overview
7.9.3 Astute Systems Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Astute Systems Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Astute Systems Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd
7.10.1 Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Company Summary
7.10.2 Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Business Overview
7.10.3 Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Mobile Value-Added Services Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Mobile Value-Added Services Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Mobile Value-Added Services Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Mobile Value-Added Services in Global Market
Table 5. Top Mobile Value-Added Services Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Mobile Value-Added Services Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Mobile Value-Added Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mobile Value-Added Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Table 12. By Type - Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 14. By Application ? Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Table 15. By Application - Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 17. By Region ? Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Table 18. By Region - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 20. By Country - North America Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 22. By Country - Europe Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 24. By Region - Asia Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 26. By Country - South America Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 30. America Movil Company Summary
Table 31. America Movil Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 32. America Movil Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. America Movil Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. AT&T Company Summary
Table 35. AT&T Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 36. AT&T Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. AT&T Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Sangoma Technologies Company Summary
Table 39. Sangoma Technologies Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 40. Sangoma Technologies Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Sangoma Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. BlackBerry Company Summary
Table 43. BlackBerry Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 44. BlackBerry Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. BlackBerry Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. CanvasM Technology Company Summary
Table 47. CanvasM Technology Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 48. CanvasM Technology Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. CanvasM Technology Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. InMobi Company Summary
Table 51. InMobi Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 52. InMobi Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. InMobi Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. One97 Communications Company Summary
Table 55. One97 Communications Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 56. One97 Communications Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. One97 Communications Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. OnMobile Global Ltd Company Summary
Table 59. OnMobile Global Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 60. OnMobile Global Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. OnMobile Global Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Astute Systems Company Summary
Table 63. Astute Systems Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 64. Astute Systems Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Astute Systems Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Company Summary
Table 67. Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Product Offerings
Table 68. Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Mobile Value-Added Services Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Mobile Value-Added Services Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Mobile Value-Added Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2035 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, 2018-2035 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 9. By Application - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 10. By Type - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Figure 11. By Type - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 12. By Application - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Figure 13. By Application - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 14. By Region - Global Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 15. By Country - North America Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 16. US Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 17. Canada Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 18. Mexico Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 20. Germany Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 21. France Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 22. U.K. Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 23. Italy Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 24. Russia Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 26. Benelux Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 28. China Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 29. Japan Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 30. South Korea Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 32. India Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 33. By Country - South America Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 34. Brazil Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 35. Argentina Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 37. Turkey Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 38. Israel Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 40. UAE Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 41. America Movil Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. AT&T Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Sangoma Technologies Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. BlackBerry Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. CanvasM Technology Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. InMobi Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. One97 Communications Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. OnMobile Global Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Astute Systems Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Value First Digital Media Pvt. Ltd Mobile Value-Added Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
