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Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, Share 2023
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Corporate Shareholder Services, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Corporate Shareholder Services. This report contains market size and forecasts of Corporate Shareholder Services in global, including the following market information:
Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2032, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Corporate Shareholder Services market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Direct Stock Purchase Plan Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Corporate Shareholder Services include Vistra, IMC Group, NCR Corporation, S&P Global, Manulife, Allstate Insurance Company, UMB Financial Corporation, Wintrust and CRISIL, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
WE surveyed the Corporate Shareholder Services companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Direct Stock Purchase Plan
Share Exchange
Others
Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
SMEs
Large Enterprise
Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ Millions)
Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Corporate Shareholder Services revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Corporate Shareholder Services revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Vistra
IMC Group
NCR Corporation
S&P Global
Manulife
Allstate Insurance Company
UMB Financial Corporation
Wintrust
CRISIL
Lloyds Bank plc
Sun Life
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Corporate Shareholder Services, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Corporate Shareholder Services market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Corporate Shareholder Services company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Corporate Shareholder Services in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
| Report Attributes |
Report Details |
| Report Title |
Corporate Shareholder Services Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2032 |
| Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
| Base Year |
2022 |
| Forecast Year |
2030 |
| Number of Pages |
65 Pages |
| Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Corporate Shareholder Services Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Corporate Shareholder Services Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Corporate Shareholder Services Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Corporate Shareholder Services Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Corporate Shareholder Services Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Corporate Shareholder Services Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Corporate Shareholder Services Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Corporate Shareholder Services Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Corporate Shareholder Services Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Direct Stock Purchase Plan
4.1.3 Share Exchange
4.1.4 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 SMEs
5.1.3 Large Enterprise
5.2 By Application - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.3.2 US Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.3 Canada Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.4 Mexico Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 Germany Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.3 France Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 U.K. Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Italy Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.6 Russia Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.8 Benelux Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 China Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Japan Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 South Korea Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 India Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 Brazil Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.3 Argentina Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 Turkey Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Israel Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.5 UAE Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Corporate Shareholder Services Companies Profiles
7.1 Vistra
7.1.1 Vistra Company Summary
7.1.2 Vistra Business Overview
7.1.3 Vistra Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Vistra Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Vistra Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 IMC Group
7.2.1 IMC Group Company Summary
7.2.2 IMC Group Business Overview
7.2.3 IMC Group Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 IMC Group Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 IMC Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 NCR Corporation
7.3.1 NCR Corporation Company Summary
7.3.2 NCR Corporation Business Overview
7.3.3 NCR Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 NCR Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 NCR Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 S&P Global
7.4.1 S&P Global Company Summary
7.4.2 S&P Global Business Overview
7.4.3 S&P Global Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 S&P Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 S&P Global Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Manulife
7.5.1 Manulife Company Summary
7.5.2 Manulife Business Overview
7.5.3 Manulife Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Manulife Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Manulife Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Allstate Insurance Company
7.6.1 Allstate Insurance Company Company Summary
7.6.2 Allstate Insurance Company Business Overview
7.6.3 Allstate Insurance Company Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Allstate Insurance Company Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Allstate Insurance Company Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 UMB Financial Corporation
7.7.1 UMB Financial Corporation Company Summary
7.7.2 UMB Financial Corporation Business Overview
7.7.3 UMB Financial Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 UMB Financial Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 UMB Financial Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Wintrust
7.8.1 Wintrust Company Summary
7.8.2 Wintrust Business Overview
7.8.3 Wintrust Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Wintrust Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Wintrust Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 CRISIL
7.9.1 CRISIL Company Summary
7.9.2 CRISIL Business Overview
7.9.3 CRISIL Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 CRISIL Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 CRISIL Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Lloyds Bank plc
7.10.1 Lloyds Bank plc Company Summary
7.10.2 Lloyds Bank plc Business Overview
7.10.3 Lloyds Bank plc Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Lloyds Bank plc Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Lloyds Bank plc Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Sun Life
7.11.1 Sun Life Company Summary
7.11.2 Sun Life Business Overview
7.11.3 Sun Life Corporate Shareholder Services Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Sun Life Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Sun Life Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Corporate Shareholder Services Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Corporate Shareholder Services Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Corporate Shareholder Services Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Corporate Shareholder Services in Global Market
Table 5. Top Corporate Shareholder Services Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Corporate Shareholder Services Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Corporate Shareholder Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Corporate Shareholder Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Application ? Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 15. By Application - Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 17. By Region ? Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 18. By Region - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 20. By Country - North America Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 22. By Country - Europe Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Asia Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - South America Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 30. Vistra Company Summary
Table 31. Vistra Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 32. Vistra Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Vistra Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. IMC Group Company Summary
Table 35. IMC Group Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 36. IMC Group Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. IMC Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. NCR Corporation Company Summary
Table 39. NCR Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 40. NCR Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. NCR Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. S&P Global Company Summary
Table 43. S&P Global Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 44. S&P Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. S&P Global Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Manulife Company Summary
Table 47. Manulife Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 48. Manulife Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Manulife Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Allstate Insurance Company Company Summary
Table 51. Allstate Insurance Company Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 52. Allstate Insurance Company Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Allstate Insurance Company Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. UMB Financial Corporation Company Summary
Table 55. UMB Financial Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 56. UMB Financial Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. UMB Financial Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Wintrust Company Summary
Table 59. Wintrust Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 60. Wintrust Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Wintrust Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. CRISIL Company Summary
Table 63. CRISIL Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 64. CRISIL Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. CRISIL Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Lloyds Bank plc Company Summary
Table 67. Lloyds Bank plc Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 68. Lloyds Bank plc Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Lloyds Bank plc Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Sun Life Company Summary
Table 71. Sun Life Corporate Shareholder Services Product Offerings
Table 72. Sun Life Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Sun Life Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Corporate Shareholder Services Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Corporate Shareholder Services Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Corporate Shareholder Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 9. By Application - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Application - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 14. By Region - Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Country - North America Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. US Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 17. Canada Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 18. Mexico Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. Germany Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 21. France Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 22. U.K. Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 23. Italy Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Russia Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. Benelux Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. China Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. Japan Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. South Korea Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. India Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. By Country - South America Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 34. Brazil Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. Argentina Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. Turkey Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Israel Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. UAE Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. Vistra Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. IMC Group Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. NCR Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. S&P Global Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Manulife Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Allstate Insurance Company Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. UMB Financial Corporation Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Wintrust Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. CRISIL Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Lloyds Bank plc Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Sun Life Corporate Shareholder Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
