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Clinical Communication Collaboration Software Market Size, Share 2022
This report contains market size and forecasts of Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software in Global, including the following market information:
Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2021 (%)
The global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.
Cloud Based Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software include Cerner, TigerText, TigerFlow, MEDHOST, Voalte Messenger, Lua, NurseGrid Manager, Advanced Rx Smart Access and RelayHealth, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We has surveyed the Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ millions)
Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)
Cloud Based
Web Based
Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ millions)
Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)
Large Enterprises
SMEs
Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions)
Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Cerner
TigerText
TigerFlow
MEDHOST
Voalte Messenger
Lua
NurseGrid Manager
Advanced Rx Smart Access
RelayHealth
PolicyManager
NHSmail
PrimeWEB
Report Attributes |
Report Details |
Report Title |
Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028 |
Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
Base Year |
2021 |
Forecast Year |
2029 |
Number of Pages |
65 Pages |
Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.5 Global Companies Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 by Type - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 Cloud Based
4.1.3 Web Based
4.2 By Type - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Large Enterprises
5.1.3 SMEs
5.2 By Application - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2017-2028
6.3.2 US Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.3.3 Canada Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.3.4 Mexico Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 Germany Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.3 France Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 U.K. Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Italy Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.6 Russia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.8 Benelux Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 China Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Japan Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 South Korea Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 India Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 Brazil Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.3 Argentina Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 Turkey Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Israel Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.5 UAE Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Players Profiles
7.1 Cerner
7.1.1 Cerner Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Cerner Business Overview
7.1.3 Cerner Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Cerner Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.1.5 Cerner Key News
7.2 TigerText
7.2.1 TigerText Corporate Summary
7.2.2 TigerText Business Overview
7.2.3 TigerText Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 TigerText Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.2.5 TigerText Key News
7.3 TigerFlow
7.3.1 TigerFlow Corporate Summary
7.3.2 TigerFlow Business Overview
7.3.3 TigerFlow Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 TigerFlow Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.3.5 TigerFlow Key News
7.4 MEDHOST
7.4.1 MEDHOST Corporate Summary
7.4.2 MEDHOST Business Overview
7.4.3 MEDHOST Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 MEDHOST Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.4.5 MEDHOST Key News
7.5 Voalte Messenger
7.5.1 Voalte Messenger Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Voalte Messenger Business Overview
7.5.3 Voalte Messenger Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Voalte Messenger Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Voalte Messenger Key News
7.6 Lua
7.6.1 Lua Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Lua Business Overview
7.6.3 Lua Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Lua Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.6.5 Lua Key News
7.7 NurseGrid Manager
7.7.1 NurseGrid Manager Corporate Summary
7.7.2 NurseGrid Manager Business Overview
7.7.3 NurseGrid Manager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 NurseGrid Manager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.7.5 NurseGrid Manager Key News
7.8 Advanced Rx Smart Access
7.8.1 Advanced Rx Smart Access Corporate Summary
7.8.2 Advanced Rx Smart Access Business Overview
7.8.3 Advanced Rx Smart Access Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Advanced Rx Smart Access Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.8.5 Advanced Rx Smart Access Key News
7.9 RelayHealth
7.9.1 RelayHealth Corporate Summary
7.9.2 RelayHealth Business Overview
7.9.3 RelayHealth Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 RelayHealth Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.9.5 RelayHealth Key News
7.10 PolicyManager
7.10.1 PolicyManager Corporate Summary
7.10.2 PolicyManager Business Overview
7.10.3 PolicyManager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 PolicyManager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.10.5 PolicyManager Key News
7.11 NHSmail
7.11.1 NHSmail Corporate Summary
7.11.2 NHSmail Business Overview
7.11.3 NHSmail Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 NHSmail Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.11.5 NHSmail Key News
7.12 PrimeWEB
7.12.1 PrimeWEB Corporate Summary
7.12.2 PrimeWEB Business Overview
7.12.3 PrimeWEB Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 PrimeWEB Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.12.5 PrimeWEB Key News
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software in Global Market
Table 5. Top Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 6. Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 7. Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 8. Global Companies Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Application ? Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 15. By Application - Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 16. By Application - Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 17. By Region ? Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 18. By Region - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 19. By Region - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 20. By Country - North America Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 21. By Country - North America Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 22. By Country - Europe Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Country - Europe Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Asia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Asia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - South America Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - South America Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 30. Cerner Corporate Summary
Table 31. Cerner Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 32. Cerner Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 33. TigerText Corporate Summary
Table 34. TigerText Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 35. TigerText Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 36. TigerFlow Corporate Summary
Table 37. TigerFlow Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 38. TigerFlow Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 39. MEDHOST Corporate Summary
Table 40. MEDHOST Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 41. MEDHOST Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 42. Voalte Messenger Corporate Summary
Table 43. Voalte Messenger Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 44. Voalte Messenger Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 45. Lua Corporate Summary
Table 46. Lua Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 47. Lua Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 48. NurseGrid Manager Corporate Summary
Table 49. NurseGrid Manager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 50. NurseGrid Manager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 51. Advanced Rx Smart Access Corporate Summary
Table 52. Advanced Rx Smart Access Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 53. Advanced Rx Smart Access Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 54. RelayHealth Corporate Summary
Table 55. RelayHealth Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 56. RelayHealth Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 57. PolicyManager Corporate Summary
Table 58. PolicyManager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 59. PolicyManager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 60. NHSmail Corporate Summary
Table 61. NHSmail Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 62. NHSmail Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 63. PrimeWEB Corporate Summary
Table 64. PrimeWEB Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Product Offerings
Table 65. PrimeWEB Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Segment by Type in 2021
Figure 2. Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Segment by Application in 2021
Figure 3. Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue in 2021
Figure 8. By Type - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 9. By Application - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Region - Global Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Country - North America Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 12. US Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 13. Canada Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 14. Mexico Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Country - Europe Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. Germany Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 17. France Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 18. U.K. Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 19. Italy Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Russia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Nordic Countries Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. Benelux Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Region - Asia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. China Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. Japan Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. South Korea Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Southeast Asia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. India Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. By Country - South America Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 30. Brazil Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. Argentina Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Country - Middle East & Africa Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. Turkey Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Israel Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. Saudi Arabia Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. UAE Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. Cerner Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 38. TigerText Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 39. TigerFlow Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 40. MEDHOST Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 41. Voalte Messenger Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 42. Lua Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 43. NurseGrid Manager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 44. Advanced Rx Smart Access Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 45. RelayHealth Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 46. PolicyManager Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 47. NHSmail Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 48. PrimeWEB Clinical Communication and Collaboration Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)