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CI & CD Tools Market Size, Share 2023
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for CI & CD Tools, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding CI & CD Tools. This report contains market size and forecasts of CI & CD Tools in global, including the following market information:
Global CI & CD Tools Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global CI & CD Tools market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Continuous Deployment Software Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of CI & CD Tools include CircleCI, CloudBees, Bitrise, Copado, Buddy, Red Hat, Pantheon, Semaphore and Jenkins, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the CI & CD Tools companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global CI & CD Tools Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global CI & CD Tools Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Continuous Deployment Software
Continuous Integration Tools
Build Automation Software
Global CI & CD Tools Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global CI & CD Tools Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Large Enterprises
SMEs
Global CI & CD Tools Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions)
Global CI & CD Tools Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies CI & CD Tools revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies CI & CD Tools revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
CircleCI
CloudBees
Bitrise
Copado
Buddy
Red Hat
Pantheon
Semaphore
Jenkins
Bamboo
Travis CI
Postman
Apache Maven
Chef
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of CI & CD Tools, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global CI & CD Tools market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of CI & CD Tools company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of CI & CD Tools in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
| Report Attributes |
Report Details |
| Report Title |
CI & CD Tools Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2030 |
| Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
| Base Year |
2022 |
| Forecast Year |
2030 |
| Number of Pages |
69 Pages |
| Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 CI & CD Tools Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global CI & CD Tools Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global CI & CD Tools Overall Market Size
2.1 Global CI & CD Tools Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global CI & CD Tools Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top CI & CD Tools Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global CI & CD Tools Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global CI & CD Tools Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 CI & CD Tools Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies CI & CD Tools Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 CI & CD Tools Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 CI & CD Tools Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 CI & CD Tools Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global CI & CD Tools Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Continuous Deployment Software
4.1.3 Continuous Integration Tools
4.1.4 Build Automation Software
4.2 By Type - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Large Enterprises
5.1.3 SMEs
5.2 By Application - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2018-2030
6.3.2 US CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.3 Canada CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.4 Mexico CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 Germany CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.3 France CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 U.K. CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Italy CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.6 Russia CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.8 Benelux CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 China CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Japan CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 South Korea CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 India CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 Brazil CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.3 Argentina CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 Turkey CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Israel CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.5 UAE CI & CD Tools Market Size, 2018-2030
7 CI & CD Tools Companies Profiles
7.1 CircleCI
7.1.1 CircleCI Company Summary
7.1.2 CircleCI Business Overview
7.1.3 CircleCI CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 CircleCI CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 CircleCI Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 CloudBees
7.2.1 CloudBees Company Summary
7.2.2 CloudBees Business Overview
7.2.3 CloudBees CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 CloudBees CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 CloudBees Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Bitrise
7.3.1 Bitrise Company Summary
7.3.2 Bitrise Business Overview
7.3.3 Bitrise CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Bitrise CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Bitrise Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Copado
7.4.1 Copado Company Summary
7.4.2 Copado Business Overview
7.4.3 Copado CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Copado CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Copado Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Buddy
7.5.1 Buddy Company Summary
7.5.2 Buddy Business Overview
7.5.3 Buddy CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Buddy CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Buddy Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Red Hat
7.6.1 Red Hat Company Summary
7.6.2 Red Hat Business Overview
7.6.3 Red Hat CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Red Hat CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Red Hat Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Pantheon
7.7.1 Pantheon Company Summary
7.7.2 Pantheon Business Overview
7.7.3 Pantheon CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Pantheon CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Pantheon Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Semaphore
7.8.1 Semaphore Company Summary
7.8.2 Semaphore Business Overview
7.8.3 Semaphore CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Semaphore CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Semaphore Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Jenkins
7.9.1 Jenkins Company Summary
7.9.2 Jenkins Business Overview
7.9.3 Jenkins CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Jenkins CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Jenkins Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Bamboo
7.10.1 Bamboo Company Summary
7.10.2 Bamboo Business Overview
7.10.3 Bamboo CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Bamboo CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Bamboo Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Travis CI
7.11.1 Travis CI Company Summary
7.11.2 Travis CI Business Overview
7.11.3 Travis CI CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Travis CI CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Travis CI Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Postman
7.12.1 Postman Company Summary
7.12.2 Postman Business Overview
7.12.3 Postman CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Postman CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Postman Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Apache Maven
7.13.1 Apache Maven Company Summary
7.13.2 Apache Maven Business Overview
7.13.3 Apache Maven CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Apache Maven CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Apache Maven Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Chef
7.14.1 Chef Company Summary
7.14.2 Chef Business Overview
7.14.3 Chef CI & CD Tools Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Chef CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 Chef Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. CI & CD Tools Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. CI & CD Tools Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. CI & CD Tools Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of CI & CD Tools in Global Market
Table 5. Top CI & CD Tools Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global CI & CD Tools Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global CI & CD Tools Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies CI & CD Tools Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 CI & CD Tools Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 CI & CD Tools Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - CI & CD Tools Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 30. CircleCI Company Summary
Table 31. CircleCI CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 32. CircleCI CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. CircleCI Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. CloudBees Company Summary
Table 35. CloudBees CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 36. CloudBees CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. CloudBees Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Bitrise Company Summary
Table 39. Bitrise CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 40. Bitrise CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Bitrise Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Copado Company Summary
Table 43. Copado CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 44. Copado CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Copado Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Buddy Company Summary
Table 47. Buddy CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 48. Buddy CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Buddy Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Red Hat Company Summary
Table 51. Red Hat CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 52. Red Hat CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Red Hat Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Pantheon Company Summary
Table 55. Pantheon CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 56. Pantheon CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Pantheon Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Semaphore Company Summary
Table 59. Semaphore CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 60. Semaphore CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Semaphore Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Jenkins Company Summary
Table 63. Jenkins CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 64. Jenkins CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Jenkins Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Bamboo Company Summary
Table 67. Bamboo CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 68. Bamboo CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Bamboo Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Travis CI Company Summary
Table 71. Travis CI CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 72. Travis CI CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Travis CI Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Postman Company Summary
Table 75. Postman CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 76. Postman CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Postman Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Apache Maven Company Summary
Table 79. Apache Maven CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 80. Apache Maven CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Apache Maven Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Chef Company Summary
Table 83. Chef CI & CD Tools Product Offerings
Table 84. Chef CI & CD Tools Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. Chef Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. CI & CD Tools Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. CI & CD Tools Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global CI & CD Tools Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global CI & CD Tools Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by CI & CD Tools Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. US CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 17. Canada CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 18. Mexico CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. Germany CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. France CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. U.K. CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 23. Italy CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Russia CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. Benelux CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. China CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Japan CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. South Korea CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. India CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 34. Brazil CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. Argentina CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa CI & CD Tools Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. Turkey CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Israel CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. UAE CI & CD Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. CircleCI CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. CloudBees CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Bitrise CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Copado CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Buddy CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Red Hat CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Pantheon CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Semaphore CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Jenkins CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Bamboo CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Travis CI CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Postman CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Apache Maven CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Chef CI & CD Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
