Click for best price
Chromium Etchant Market Size, Share 2023
This report contains market size and forecasts of Chromium Etchant in global, including the following market information:
Global Chromium Etchant Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2023-2030, ($ millions)
Global Chromium Etchant Market Sales, 2018-2023, 2023-2030, (Tons)
Global top five Chromium Etchant companies in 2022 (%)
The global Chromium Etchant market was valued at million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2023-2030.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2030.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Segment to Reach $ Million by 2030, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Chromium Etchant include Transene, Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl, Technic, Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material, Kanto Chemical, Chemleader Corporation and URANUS CHEMICALS, etc. In 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Chromium Etchant manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Chromium Etchant Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2023-2030 ($ Millions) & (Tons)
Global Chromium Etchant Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate
Other
Global Chromium Etchant Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2023-2030 ($ Millions) & (Tons)
Global Chromium Etchant Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Optoelectronics Industry
Other
Global Chromium Etchant Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2023-2030 ($ Millions) & (Tons)
Global Chromium Etchant Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Chromium Etchant revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Chromium Etchant revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Key companies Chromium Etchant sales in global market, 2018-2023 (Estimated), (Tons)
Key companies Chromium Etchant sales share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Transene
Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl
Technic
Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material
Kanto Chemical
Chemleader Corporation
URANUS CHEMICALS
| Report Attributes |
Report Details |
| Report Title |
Chromium Etchant Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2030 |
| Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
| Base Year |
2022 |
| Forecast Year |
2030 |
| Number of Pages |
70 Pages |
| Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Chromium Etchant Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Chromium Etchant Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Chromium Etchant Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Chromium Etchant Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Global Chromium Etchant Sales: 2018-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Chromium Etchant Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Chromium Etchant Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Chromium Etchant Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Chromium Etchant Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Chromium Etchant Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Chromium Etchant Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Chromium Etchant Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Chromium Etchant Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Chromium Etchant Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Chromium Etchant Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Ceric Ammonium Nitrate
4.1.3 Other
4.2 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2023-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Sales, 2023-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Optoelectronics Industry
5.1.3 Other
5.2 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2023-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Sales, 2023-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2023-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Sales, 2023-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Chromium Etchant Sales, 2018-2030
6.4.3 US Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 Canada Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Chromium Etchant Sales, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Germany Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 France Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 Italy Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.7 Russia Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Chromium Etchant Sales, 2018-2030
6.6.3 China Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.4 Japan Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.7 India Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Chromium Etchant Sales, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2018-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Etchant Sales, 2018-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.4 Israel Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.6 UAE Chromium Etchant Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Transene
7.1.1 Transene Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Transene Business Overview
7.1.3 Transene Chromium Etchant Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Transene Chromium Etchant Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Transene Key News
7.2 Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl
7.2.1 Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl Business Overview
7.2.3 Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl Chromium Etchant Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl Chromium Etchant Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl Key News
7.3 Technic
7.3.1 Technic Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Technic Business Overview
7.3.3 Technic Chromium Etchant Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Technic Chromium Etchant Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Technic Key News
7.4 Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material
7.4.1 Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material Business Overview
7.4.3 Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material Chromium Etchant Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material Chromium Etchant Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material Key News
7.5 Kanto Chemical
7.5.1 Kanto Chemical Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Kanto Chemical Business Overview
7.5.3 Kanto Chemical Chromium Etchant Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Kanto Chemical Chromium Etchant Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Kanto Chemical Key News
7.6 Chemleader Corporation
7.6.1 Chemleader Corporation Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Chemleader Corporation Business Overview
7.6.3 Chemleader Corporation Chromium Etchant Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Chemleader Corporation Chromium Etchant Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Chemleader Corporation Key News
7.7 URANUS CHEMICALS
7.7.1 URANUS CHEMICALS Corporate Summary
7.7.2 URANUS CHEMICALS Business Overview
7.7.3 URANUS CHEMICALS Chromium Etchant Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 URANUS CHEMICALS Chromium Etchant Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 URANUS CHEMICALS Key News
8 Global Chromium Etchant Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Chromium Etchant Production Capacity, 2018-2030
8.2 Chromium Etchant Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Chromium Etchant Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Chromium Etchant Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Chromium Etchant Industry Value Chain
10.2 Chromium Etchant Upstream Market
10.3 Chromium Etchant Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Chromium Etchant Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Chromium Etchant in Global Market
Table 2. Top Chromium Etchant Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Chromium Etchant Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Chromium Etchant Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Chromium Etchant Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Chromium Etchant Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Chromium Etchant Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Chromium Etchant Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Chromium Etchant Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Chromium Etchant Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 14. By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 16. By Application ? Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 17. By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 19. By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 21. By Region ? Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2030
Table 22. By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 24. By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 26. By Country - North America Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 28. By Country - North America Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 30. By Country - Europe Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 32. By Country - Europe Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 34. By Region - Asia Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 36. By Region - Asia Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 38. By Country - South America Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 40. By Country - South America Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2030
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Etchant Sales, (Tons), 2023-2030
Table 46. Transene Corporate Summary
Table 47. Transene Chromium Etchant Product Offerings
Table 48. Transene Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl Corporate Summary
Table 50. Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl Chromium Etchant Product Offerings
Table 51. Jiangyin Jianghua Micro-Eltr Mtrl Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 52. Technic Corporate Summary
Table 53. Technic Chromium Etchant Product Offerings
Table 54. Technic Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 55. Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material Corporate Summary
Table 56. Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material Chromium Etchant Product Offerings
Table 57. Kunshan Jingke Micro-Electronics Material Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 58. Kanto Chemical Corporate Summary
Table 59. Kanto Chemical Chromium Etchant Product Offerings
Table 60. Kanto Chemical Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Chemleader Corporation Corporate Summary
Table 62. Chemleader Corporation Chromium Etchant Product Offerings
Table 63. Chemleader Corporation Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 64. URANUS CHEMICALS Corporate Summary
Table 65. URANUS CHEMICALS Chromium Etchant Product Offerings
Table 66. URANUS CHEMICALS Chromium Etchant Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 67. Chromium Etchant Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2023 (Tons)
Table 68. Global Chromium Etchant Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2023
Table 69. Global Chromium Etchant Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Tons)
Table 70. Global Chromium Etchant Production by Region, 2023-2030 (Tons)
Table 71. Chromium Etchant Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 72. Chromium Etchant Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 73. Chromium Etchant Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 74. Chromium Etchant Raw Materials
Table 75. Chromium Etchant Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 76. Typical Chromium Etchant Downstream
Table 77. Chromium Etchant Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 78. Chromium Etchant Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Chromium Etchant Segment by Type
Figure 2. Chromium Etchant Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Chromium Etchant Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Chromium Etchant Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Chromium Etchant Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Chromium Etchant Sales in Global Market: 2018-2030 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Chromium Etchant Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Chromium Etchant Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Application - Global Chromium Etchant Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. By Region - Global Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 17. By Country - North America Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 18. By Country - North America Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 19. US Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 20. Canada Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. Mexico Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 24. Germany Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. France Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. U.K. Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. Italy Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 28. Russia Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. Benelux Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 33. China Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 34. Japan Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. South Korea Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 37. India Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. By Country - South America Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 39. By Country - South America Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 40. Brazil Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. Argentina Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Etchant Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Chromium Etchant Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 44. Turkey Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 45. Israel Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 47. UAE Chromium Etchant Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 48. Global Chromium Etchant Production Capacity (Tons), 2018-2030
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Chromium Etchant by Region, 2022 VS 2030
Figure 50. Chromium Etchant Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels
