Click for best price
Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, Share 2022
This report contains market size and forecasts of Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems in global, including the following market information:
Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)
Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (Units)
Global top five Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems companies in 2021 (%)
The global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.
Alkaline Hydrolysis for Human Remains Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems include Bio Response Solutions and Fireless Cremation etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We has surveyed the Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Units)
Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)
Alkaline Hydrolysis for Human Remains
Alkaline Hydrolysis for Animal Carcass
Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Units)
Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)
Funeral Homes
Pet Loss Centers
Research Laboratories
Hospital
Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Units)
Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)
Key companies Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (Units)
Key companies Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems sales share in global market, 2021 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Bio Response Solutions
Fireless Cremation
Report Attributes |
Report Details |
Report Title |
Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028 |
Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
Base Year |
2021 |
Forecast Year |
2029 |
Number of Pages |
76 Pages |
Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 Alkaline Hydrolysis for Human Remains
4.1.3 Alkaline Hydrolysis for Animal Carcass
4.2 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2017-2022
4.3.2 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2023-2028
4.3.3 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Funeral Homes
5.1.3 Pet Loss Centers
5.1.4 Research Laboratories
5.1.5 Hospital
5.2 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2017-2022
5.3.2 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2023-2028
5.3.3 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2017-2022
6.3.2 By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2023-2028
6.3.3 By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 By Country - North America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2017-2028
6.4.3 US Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 Canada Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Mexico Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Germany Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 France Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 U.K. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 Italy Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.7 Russia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.9 Benelux Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2017-2028
6.6.3 China Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.4 Japan Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.5 South Korea Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.7 India Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 By Country - South America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Brazil Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Argentina Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2017-2028
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, 2017-2028
6.8.3 Turkey Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.4 Israel Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.6 UAE Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Bio Response Solutions
7.1.1 Bio Response Solutions Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Bio Response Solutions Business Overview
7.1.3 Bio Response Solutions Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Bio Response Solutions Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.1.5 Bio Response Solutions Key News
7.2 Fireless Cremation
7.2.1 Fireless Cremation Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Fireless Cremation Business Overview
7.2.3 Fireless Cremation Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Fireless Cremation Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.2.5 Fireless Cremation Key News
8 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Industry Value Chain
10.2 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Upstream Market
10.3 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems in Global Market
Table 2. Top Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales by Companies, (Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales (Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales (Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application ? Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales (Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales (Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region ? Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales (Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales (Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales, (Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Bio Response Solutions Corporate Summary
Table 47. Bio Response Solutions Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Product Offerings
Table 48. Bio Response Solutions Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Fireless Cremation Corporate Summary
Table 50. Fireless Cremation Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Product Offerings
Table 51. Fireless Cremation Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Production Capacity (Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (Units)
Table 53. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 54. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Production by Region, 2017-2022 (Units)
Table 55. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Production by Region, 2023-2028 (Units)
Table 56. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 57. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 58. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 59. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Raw Materials
Table 60. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 61. Typical Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Downstream
Table 62. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 63. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Segment by Type
Figure 2. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Production Capacity (Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Alkaline Hydrolysis Systems Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels