table of content
1 Study Coverage
1.1 Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.2.2 Fastener
1.2.3 Connector
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.3.2 Passenger Cars
1.3.3 Commercial Vehicles
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Production
2.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Production Capacity (2017-2028)
2.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Production by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
2.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Production by Region
2.3.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Historic Production by Region (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Forecasted Production by Region (2023-2028)
2.4 North America
2.5 Europe
2.6 China
2.7 Japan
2.8 South Korea
2.9 India
3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales in Volume & Value Estimates and Forecasts
3.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
3.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
3.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
3.4 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Region
3.4.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Region (2017-2022)
3.4.2 Global Sales Automotive Fastener/Connector by Region (2023-2028)
3.5 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Region
3.5.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Region (2017-2022)
3.5.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Region (2023-2028)
3.6 North America
3.7 Europe
3.8 Asia-Pacific
3.9 Latin America
3.10 Middle East & Africa
4 Competition by Manufactures
4.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Production Capacity by Manufacturers
4.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Manufacturers
4.2.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.2.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers of Automotive Fastener/Connector in 2021
4.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Manufacturers
4.3.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.3.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
4.3.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue in 2021
4.4 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales Price by Manufacturers
4.5 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
4.5.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
4.5.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.5.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Manufacturers Geographical Distribution
4.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
5 Market Size by Type
5.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Type
5.1.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Historical Sales by Type (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Forecasted Sales by Type (2023-2028)
5.1.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Type
5.2.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Historical Revenue by Type (2017-2022)
5.2.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Forecasted Revenue by Type (2023-2028)
5.2.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Price by Type
5.3.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Price by Type (2017-2022)
5.3.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
6 Market Size by Application
6.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Application
6.1.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Historical Sales by Application (2017-2022)
6.1.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Forecasted Sales by Application (2023-2028)
6.1.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Application
6.2.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Historical Revenue by Application (2017-2022)
6.2.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Forecasted Revenue by Application (2023-2028)
6.2.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Price by Application
6.3.1 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Price by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.2 Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
7 North America
7.1 North America Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Type
7.1.1 North America Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.1.2 North America Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Application
7.2.1 North America Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.2.2 North America Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Country
7.3.1 North America Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 U.S.
7.3.4 Canada
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Type
8.1.1 Europe Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.1.2 Europe Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Application
8.2.1 Europe Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.2.2 Europe Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Country
8.3.1 Europe Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany
8.3.4 France
8.3.5 U.K.
8.3.6 Italy
8.3.7 Russia
9 Asia Pacific
9.1 Asia Pacific Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Type
9.1.1 Asia Pacific Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.1.2 Asia Pacific Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia Pacific Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Application
9.2.1 Asia Pacific Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.2.2 Asia Pacific Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia Pacific Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Region
9.3.1 Asia Pacific Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia Pacific Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China
9.3.4 Japan
9.3.5 South Korea
9.3.6 India
9.3.7 Australia
9.3.8 Taiwan
9.3.9 Indonesia
9.3.10 Thailand
9.3.11 Malaysia
9.3.12 Philippines
10 Latin America
10.1 Latin America Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Latin America Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.1.2 Latin America Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 Latin America Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Latin America Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.2.2 Latin America Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 Latin America Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Country
10.3.1 Latin America Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 Latin America Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Mexico
10.3.4 Brazil
10.3.5 Argentina
11 Middle East and Africa
11.1 Middle East and Africa Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Type
11.1.1 Middle East and Africa Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.1.2 Middle East and Africa Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East and Africa Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Size by Application
11.2.1 Middle East and Africa Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.2.2 Middle East and Africa Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East and Africa Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Country
11.3.1 Middle East and Africa Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East and Africa Automotive Fastener/Connector Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey
11.3.4 Saudi Arabia
11.3.5 U.A.E
12 Corporate Profiles
12.1 W?rth (Germany)
12.1.1 W?rth (Germany) Corporation Information
12.1.2 W?rth (Germany) Overview
12.1.3 W?rth (Germany) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.1.4 W?rth (Germany) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.1.5 W?rth (Germany) Recent Developments
12.2 ITW (USA)
12.2.1 ITW (USA) Corporation Information
12.2.2 ITW (USA) Overview
12.2.3 ITW (USA) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.2.4 ITW (USA) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.2.5 ITW (USA) Recent Developments
12.3 Stanley (USA)
12.3.1 Stanley (USA) Corporation Information
12.3.2 Stanley (USA) Overview
12.3.3 Stanley (USA) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.3.4 Stanley (USA) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.3.5 Stanley (USA) Recent Developments
12.4 Araymond (France)
12.4.1 Araymond (France) Corporation Information
12.4.2 Araymond (France) Overview
12.4.3 Araymond (France) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.4.4 Araymond (France) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.4.5 Araymond (France) Recent Developments
12.5 KAMAX (Germany)
12.5.1 KAMAX (Germany) Corporation Information
12.5.2 KAMAX (Germany) Overview
12.5.3 KAMAX (Germany) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.5.4 KAMAX (Germany) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.5.5 KAMAX (Germany) Recent Developments
12.6 Amphenol (USA)
12.6.1 Amphenol (USA) Corporation Information
12.6.2 Amphenol (USA) Overview
12.6.3 Amphenol (USA) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.6.4 Amphenol (USA) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.6.5 Amphenol (USA) Recent Developments
12.7 Aptiv (Ireland)
12.7.1 Aptiv (Ireland) Corporation Information
12.7.2 Aptiv (Ireland) Overview
12.7.3 Aptiv (Ireland) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.7.4 Aptiv (Ireland) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.7.5 Aptiv (Ireland) Recent Developments
12.8 IRISO ELECTRONICS (Japan)
12.8.1 IRISO ELECTRONICS (Japan) Corporation Information
12.8.2 IRISO ELECTRONICS (Japan) Overview
12.8.3 IRISO ELECTRONICS (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.8.4 IRISO ELECTRONICS (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.8.5 IRISO ELECTRONICS (Japan) Recent Developments
12.9 TE Connectivity (Switzland)
12.9.1 TE Connectivity (Switzland) Corporation Information
12.9.2 TE Connectivity (Switzland) Overview
12.9.3 TE Connectivity (Switzland) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.9.4 TE Connectivity (Switzland) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.9.5 TE Connectivity (Switzland) Recent Developments
12.10 Kubota Sangyo (Japan)
12.10.1 Kubota Sangyo (Japan) Corporation Information
12.10.2 Kubota Sangyo (Japan) Overview
12.10.3 Kubota Sangyo (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.10.4 Kubota Sangyo (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.10.5 Kubota Sangyo (Japan) Recent Developments
12.11 Maruei Industries (Japan)
12.11.1 Maruei Industries (Japan) Corporation Information
12.11.2 Maruei Industries (Japan) Overview
12.11.3 Maruei Industries (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.11.4 Maruei Industries (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.11.5 Maruei Industries (Japan) Recent Developments
12.12 Miyata (Japan)
12.12.1 Miyata (Japan) Corporation Information
12.12.2 Miyata (Japan) Overview
12.12.3 Miyata (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.12.4 Miyata (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.12.5 Miyata (Japan) Recent Developments
12.13 Nitto Kohki (Japan)
12.13.1 Nitto Kohki (Japan) Corporation Information
12.13.2 Nitto Kohki (Japan) Overview
12.13.3 Nitto Kohki (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.13.4 Nitto Kohki (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.13.5 Nitto Kohki (Japan) Recent Developments
12.14 Yahata Neji (Japan)
12.14.1 Yahata Neji (Japan) Corporation Information
12.14.2 Yahata Neji (Japan) Overview
12.14.3 Yahata Neji (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.14.4 Yahata Neji (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.14.5 Yahata Neji (Japan) Recent Developments
12.15 Aoyama Seisakusho (Japan)
12.15.1 Aoyama Seisakusho (Japan) Corporation Information
12.15.2 Aoyama Seisakusho (Japan) Overview
12.15.3 Aoyama Seisakusho (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.15.4 Aoyama Seisakusho (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.15.5 Aoyama Seisakusho (Japan) Recent Developments
12.16 Meidoh (Japan)
12.16.1 Meidoh (Japan) Corporation Information
12.16.2 Meidoh (Japan) Overview
12.16.3 Meidoh (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.16.4 Meidoh (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.16.5 Meidoh (Japan) Recent Developments
12.17 Fontana Group (Italy)
12.17.1 Fontana Group (Italy) Corporation Information
12.17.2 Fontana Group (Italy) Overview
12.17.3 Fontana Group (Italy) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.17.4 Fontana Group (Italy) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.17.5 Fontana Group (Italy) Recent Developments
12.18 Agrati Group (Italy)
12.18.1 Agrati Group (Italy) Corporation Information
12.18.2 Agrati Group (Italy) Overview
12.18.3 Agrati Group (Italy) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.18.4 Agrati Group (Italy) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.18.5 Agrati Group (Italy) Recent Developments
12.19 LISI Group (France)
12.19.1 LISI Group (France) Corporation Information
12.19.2 LISI Group (France) Overview
12.19.3 LISI Group (France) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.19.4 LISI Group (France) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.19.5 LISI Group (France) Recent Developments
12.20 Nifco (Japan)
12.20.1 Nifco (Japan) Corporation Information
12.20.2 Nifco (Japan) Overview
12.20.3 Nifco (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.20.4 Nifco (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.20.5 Nifco (Japan) Recent Developments
12.21 Topura (Japan)
12.21.1 Topura (Japan) Corporation Information
12.21.2 Topura (Japan) Overview
12.21.3 Topura (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.21.4 Topura (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.21.5 Topura (Japan) Recent Developments
12.22 Meira (Japan)
12.22.1 Meira (Japan) Corporation Information
12.22.2 Meira (Japan) Overview
12.22.3 Meira (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.22.4 Meira (Japan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.22.5 Meira (Japan) Recent Developments
12.23 B?llhoff (Germany)
12.23.1 B?llhoff (Germany) Corporation Information
12.23.2 B?llhoff (Germany) Overview
12.23.3 B?llhoff (Germany) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.23.4 B?llhoff (Germany) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.23.5 B?llhoff (Germany) Recent Developments
12.24 NORMA Group (Germany)
12.24.1 NORMA Group (Germany) Corporation Information
12.24.2 NORMA Group (Germany) Overview
12.24.3 NORMA Group (Germany) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.24.4 NORMA Group (Germany) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.24.5 NORMA Group (Germany) Recent Developments
12.25 Bulten (Sweden)
12.25.1 Bulten (Sweden) Corporation Information
12.25.2 Bulten (Sweden) Overview
12.25.3 Bulten (Sweden) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.25.4 Bulten (Sweden) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.25.5 Bulten (Sweden) Recent Developments
12.26 Precision Castparts (USA)
12.26.1 Precision Castparts (USA) Corporation Information
12.26.2 Precision Castparts (USA) Overview
12.26.3 Precision Castparts (USA) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.26.4 Precision Castparts (USA) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.26.5 Precision Castparts (USA) Recent Developments
12.27 Chun Yu Group (Taiwan)
12.27.1 Chun Yu Group (Taiwan) Corporation Information
12.27.2 Chun Yu Group (Taiwan) Overview
12.27.3 Chun Yu Group (Taiwan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.27.4 Chun Yu Group (Taiwan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.27.5 Chun Yu Group (Taiwan) Recent Developments
12.28 Boltun (Taiwan)
12.28.1 Boltun (Taiwan) Corporation Information
12.28.2 Boltun (Taiwan) Overview
12.28.3 Boltun (Taiwan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.28.4 Boltun (Taiwan) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.28.5 Boltun (Taiwan) Recent Developments
12.29 Samjin Jeonggong (Korea)
12.29.1 Samjin Jeonggong (Korea) Corporation Information
12.29.2 Samjin Jeonggong (Korea) Overview
12.29.3 Samjin Jeonggong (Korea) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.29.4 Samjin Jeonggong (Korea) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.29.5 Samjin Jeonggong (Korea) Recent Developments
12.30 Sundram Fasteners (India)
12.30.1 Sundram Fasteners (India) Corporation Information
12.30.2 Sundram Fasteners (India) Overview
12.30.3 Sundram Fasteners (India) Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.30.4 Sundram Fasteners (India) Automotive Fastener/Connector Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.30.5 Sundram Fasteners (India) Recent Developments
13 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
13.1 Automotive Fastener/Connector Industry Chain Analysis
13.2 Automotive Fastener/Connector Key Raw Materials
13.2.1 Key Raw Materials
13.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
13.3 Automotive Fastener/Connector Production Mode & Process
13.4 Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales and Marketing
13.4.1 Automotive Fastener/Connector Sales Channels
13.4.2 Automotive Fastener/Connector Distributors
13.5 Automotive Fastener/Connector Customers
14 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
14.1 Automotive Fastener/Connector Industry Trends
14.2 Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Drivers
14.3 Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Challenges
14.4 Automotive Fastener/Connector Market Restraints
15 Key Finding in The Global Automotive Fastener/Connector Study
16 Appendix
16.1 Research Methodology
16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.2 Data Source
16.2 Author Details
16.3 Disclaimer
